Critter Intros: American Bison

Quick Facts About the American Bison

• Common Name: American Bison

• Scientific Name: Bison bison

• Conservation Status: Near Threatened

• Habitat: Grasslands, prairies, and open woodlands of North America

• Size: Males can reach up to 6.5 feet (2 meters) at the shoulder and weigh up to 2,000 pounds (900 kg), while females are smaller.

The American bison, often mistakenly called a buffalo, is one of the most recognizable animals in North America. These massive herbivores once roamed the continent in vast herds, shaping both the landscape and the cultures of Indigenous peoples. However, their populations were nearly wiped out in the 19th century due to overhunting and habitat loss. Once numbering in the tens of millions, their population dropped to fewer than 1,000 by the late 1800s. Thanks to dedicated conservation efforts, particularly in Yellowstone National Park, their numbers have grown to approximately 500,000, though most exist in managed herds rather than truly wild populations. Bison are well-adapted to life on the prairies, with thick fur to endure harsh winters and strong legs built for long-distance travel. As grazers, they play a crucial role in maintaining healthy ecosystems by naturally fertilizing the land and dispersing seeds.

For many Indigenous tribes, bison are more than just animals; they are symbols of life and sustenance. Historically, nearly every part of the bison was used for food, clothing, tools, and spiritual ceremonies. Today, restoring bison populations is not only an ecological victory but also a cultural one. Despite their conservation success, bison still face challenges, including habitat fragmentation, interbreeding with cattle, and limited free-roaming populations. Conservation groups and Indigenous-led initiatives continue to work toward ensuring that these majestic animals thrive once again on the landscapes they once dominated.

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